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Course Name:
ALC-950: AirVenture 2022 Preventing Runway Incursions
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Review

Runway safety is a legitimate concern. There were 44 million take-offs and landings in 2021. 1,568 Runway Incursions in the same period.

The definition of Runway Incursion (RI) is:

ICAO: Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or

a person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and take-off of aircraft.

What are the protected surfaces that make up the RSA?

According to ICAO, Runway Incursions (RIs) are any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle, or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and take-off of aircraft.

When you cross this line, you have entered the ‘runway environment’ and are too close to the runway for an aircraft to take off or land safely.

An example of a violation of the RSA would be crossing the marking, such as the one in the image, without permission from Air Traffic.

If you get any part of your aircraft or vehicle across this line without permission, even if no other aircraft or vehicles are involved, it is still a RI.

Typical Runway

"What are the protected surfaces that make up the RSA?"

Runway Safety Areas (RSA) are defined as:

The surface surrounding the runway is prepared or suitable for reducing the risk of damage to airplanes in the event of an undershoot overshoot or excursion from the runway.

Safety Area

Typical RSA Signage:

Not all airports look the same.

The images above indicate that you are on Taxiway Alpha holding short of Runway One Four or One Eight/Three Six.

If there is a single number like the image on the left, you are at the end of the runway.

If there are 2 runway numbers like the image on the right, you are at an intersection.   

This is a good opportunity to discuss the RSA signage at your airport. This discussion may lead to topics you may want to revisit during LRSAT.

Hold Short Markings

•             Do not cross the hold short line without authorization.

•             Even if there are no other aircraft or vehicles involved, if you get any part of your aircraft

Or vehicle across this line without permission to do so, this results in a Runway Incursion.

•             When you cross this line, you have entered the Runway Safety Area (RSA).

RSA Hold Short Markings:

Do not cross the hold short line without authorization from Air Traffic.

Even if there are no other aircraft or vehicles involved, if you get any part of your aircraft or vehicle across this line without permission, this results in a Runway Incursion.

When you cross this line, you have entered the ‘runway environment’ or RSA.

Signs and Markings as you clear the RSA

•             You are clear of the runway when your aircraft tail is past this line.

•             If there is nothing impeding your forward movement – you are expected to get completely past this line.

•             Signs and Markings as you clear the RSA:

•             Not all airports look EXACTLY the same.

•             You are clear of the runway when your aircraft’s tail is past this line.

•             If there is nothing impeding your forward movement – you are EXPECTED to get completely past this line.

If a pilot is unsure of anything, they should:

Unsure…STOP…and ASK…ATC

NAS-Wide Focus Area

Wrong Surface Operations have become a focus area for the FAA.

Landing risks include landing on the wrong runway, a taxiway, or the wrong airport.

Takeoff risks include departing from the wrong runway (including the wrong direction from an intersection) or a taxiway.

In the past few years, Wrong Surface Operations have come to light as one of the higher-risk errors in the NAS.

Landing risks include landing on the wrong runway, landing on a taxiway, or landing at the wrong airport.

Takeoff risks include departing from the wrong runway (including the wrong direction from an intersection) or a taxiway.

New Hot Spots Standardized Symbology

All hot spots will be standardized as circles, ovals, or cylinders.

No more trapezoids!

Discuss Hot Spots. Are they effective? Are they still necessary? Are you working on ways to mitigate them? Are there any areas you think a Hot Spot might be needed?

Discuss any Hot Spots published at your airport and make sure everyone understands the risks they are addressing. See if there are any ideas for addressing the risks in these locations (i.e., procedural, signage, construction).

*Remember, if construction/geometry changes are proposed, the Airport Operator and Airports Division/ADO must agree before entering as an action item.

Discuss if any locations may benefit from the heightened awareness of publishing a Hot Spot.

If your airport has any identified RIM locations, discuss any upcoming efforts to correct or mitigate difficulties in that area. Are these areas designated as Hot Spots? If not, why not?

Arrival Alert Notices (AAN)

Arrival Alert Notices (AAN) at several airports with a history of misalignment risk.

Address Wrong Surface

Where Aircraft lines up to or lands on the incorrect runway or taxiway.

From The Flight Deck

Airport

In collaboration with Runway Safety and Airports, the FAA developed the “From the Flight Deck” video series for pilots. Videos are available on the FAA YouTube channel or the Runway Safety Website.

While GA / Day / VMC accounts for most wrong surface operations, no one is exempt.

This happens a LOT more often than you might think – and to pilots of all experience levels.

COURSE CREDIT

To receive appropriate course credit for this course, you must:

  • Have an account on FAASafety.gov
  • Be logged into that account
  • Be enrolled in the course
  • You must visit each chapter of the course using the navigation bars at the top or bottom of each screen, and complete all the course material found on each.

NOTE: Some links may take you to other sites or open windows on top of the course window. You must return to this course on FAASafety.gov to complete the exam. This might be as simple as closing all the additional windows. However, you may find it necessary to return to FAASafety.gov, log in again, and then "continue" the course from the Course List.

  • Upon completing the review section, the  button will turn blue, indicating you are ready to start the examination. Upon successful completion of the exam, you are given the appropriate course credit automatically.